Steel Structure
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Steel Structure
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Steel structures are used in various buildings and engineering structures, and there are many types. According to their connection methods, they can be divided into welded structures, bolted structures and riveted structures. Welded connection is the most important connection method for steel structures at present. Its advantages are simple structure, material saving, easy processing, and automatic operation. But welding can cause structural deformation and generate residual stress.
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Steel structures are used in various buildings and engineering structures, and there are many types. According to their connection methods, they can be divided into welded structures, bolted structures and riveted structures. Welded connection is the most important connection method for steel structures at present. Its advantages are simple structure, material saving, easy processing, and automatic operation. But welding can cause structural deformation and generate residual stress.
Bolt connection is also a commonly used connection method, which has the advantages of convenient and rapid assembly. Can be used in structurally mounted connections or in detachable structures. The disadvantage is that the section of the component is weakened and easy to loosen. Rivet connection is an ancient connection method. Because of its good plasticity and toughness, it is convenient for quality inspection, so it is often used in structures bearing dynamic loads. However, the manufacturing cost is labor-intensive and the materials are used, and the nail hole weakens the cross-section of the component, so it has been gradually replaced by welding in the manufacturing industry.
Steel structures can be divided into solid web structures and lattice structures according to their different structures. The cross-sectional components of the solid web member are continuous, generally made of rolled steel, often using angle steel, I-beam, T-shaped steel, round steel pipe, square steel pipe, etc. When the components are subjected to large force, the combined cross-sections such as I-shaped, circular tube and box-shaped welded by rolled steel or steel plate can be used, such as the box-shaped telescopic boom of a truck crane. The cross-sectional components of lattice members are separated, and angle steel, channel steel, and I-beam are often used as limbs, and the limbs are connected by splices.
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Features of Z-shaped steel: In addition to its high strength, steel saving and other excellent properties, Z-shaped steel is particularly convenient and fast to install, and the material is Q195-345.
Large span structure. As the span of the structure increases, the proportion of the self-weight of the structure in the total load is also larger, and the reduction of the self-weight can obtain obvious economic benefits. For large-span structures, the advantages of light-weight steel structures are particularly prominent. The gymnasium in Shanghai, my country, which can accommodate 80,000 people, is an elliptical building with a spatial steel roof structure composed of radial cantilever lattices and circumferential trusses. The long axis is 288.4m, the short axis is 274.4m, and the maximum cantilever span of the roof is 73.5m. The Runyang Yangtze River Bridge was completed and opened to traffic in 2005. The main bridge in Nanhan is a single-hole double-hinged steel box girder suspension bridge with a main span of 1490m, which is currently the first in China and the third in the world.
Steel structures are used in various buildings and engineering structures, and there are many types. According to their connection methods, they can be divided into welded structures, bolted structures and riveted structures. Welded connection is the most important connection method for steel structures at present. Its advantages are simple structure, material saving, easy processing, and automatic operation. But welding can cause structural deformation and generate residual stress.
High strength and light weight. The strength of steel is high and the modulus of elasticity is also high, so the steel structural members are small and light. There are steels of various strength grades. Even the steels with lower strengths generally have a lower density-to-strength ratio than those of concrete and wood. Therefore, under the same stress conditions, the steel structure has a small self-weight and can be made into a larger span. Structure. Because the rod is small, it occupies less space, and is also convenient for transportation and installation.
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